Russia, Iran, Egypt, and Turkey are exploiting conflicts in Sudan and Somalia to expand military and economic influence in the Horn of Africa and Red Sea region. Somalia has sought support from Egypt and Turkey against Ethiopia's naval base deal with Somaliland, heightening risks of broader regional war. Sudan's civil war since 2023 has triggered a severe humanitarian crisis amid foreign interventions. These dynamics undermine local interests, US counterterrorism efforts, and African development.
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